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Rangeshwaran, R.

• Characterization and Evaluation of Two Indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner

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Authors

R. Rangeshwaran ¹, K. Veenakumari ¹, Pritam Karmakar ¹, K. Ashwitha ¹, G. Sivakumar ¹, Satendar Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 286-293

Abstract

Two isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from dead lepidopteran larvae from a tea garden in Jorhat, Assam and one isolated from soil sample from Rajasthan, obtained in a nationwide screening program showed bipyramidal crystal morphology. These two isolates named as NBAII-BTAS and NBAII-BTG4 were characterized by their high level of toxicity against diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella). The PCR amplification of these two isolates revealed the expected size of the PCR product for cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1E, cry1G, cry1I, and cry2 of 390 bps, 1111bps, 238 bps, 540 bps, 300 bps, 468 bps, and 1170 bps respectively. Purified cry proteins from each of these two cultures were subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis, where, two distinct bands of 130–140 Kda and 65 Kda corresponding to cry1 and cry2 proteins were observed. Toxicity studies was carried out using trypsin activated purified proteins against Helicoverpa armigera, where NBAII-BTG4 derived crystal proteins displayed more toxicity (0.93µg\ml) than NBAII-BTAS.

Keywords

Cry Genes, PCR, Specific Cry Primers, Bipyramidal, Toxicity.

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References

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• ITS Sequencing of Indian Isolates of Lecanicillium Species

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Authors

B. Ramanujam ¹, M. Balachander ¹, G. Roopa ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, Pritam Karmakar ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, HA Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 337-341

Abstract

The genetic diversity of thirty one isolates of Lecanicillium species isolated from insect hosts from various geographical regions of India were studied. Their phylogenetic relationships were determined using internal transcribed spacer, ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S gene of rRNA sequence. Based on the sequence similarity of ITS region and construction of subsequent phylogenetic analysis (neighbour-joining method), 15 isolates were grouped as Lecanicillium lecanii, 11 isolates as L. attenuatum, 3 isolates as L. longisporum and 2 isolates as L. muscarium.

Keywords

ITS Region, Phylogenetic Analysis, Lecanicillium sp.

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• Relationship between Indole Acetic Acid Production by Fluorescent Pseudomonas and Plant Growth Promotion

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Authors

T. Jayasudha ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ², N. V. Vajid ²

Affiliations
1 Nallamuthu Gounder Mahalingam College, Pollachi, 642 001, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 24, No 4 (2010), Pagination: 349-359

Abstract

Forty fluorescent pseudomonads were quantitatively evaluated for indole acetic acid (IAA) producing ability in the presence (trypt⁺) or absence (trypt^-) of tryptophan and growth promotion in groundnut in response to seed treatment with high IAA producers was analyzed. There were significant differences in the amounts of IAA produced by the isolates and more amounts of IAA were released in trypt⁺. In trypt^- increased IAA production was noticed for up to 144h and thereafter it stabilized or decreased. Analysis of plant growth promotion showed that the maximum ischolar_main length (187.5mm) was exhibited by plants treated with BA16(A)2 which was a medium IAA producer whereas the highest IAA producer BA1(E)2 (32.2 μg/ml of IAA) showed a ischolar_main length of 167.3mm. The isolate OTN7(E)2 which was a low IAA producer showed good ischolar_main lengths of 148.3mm (sterile soil) and 133.3mm (unsterile soil). When the shoot lengths were compared, highest shoot length of 213.3mm (sterile soil) was by BA4(D) which is a medium to high IAA producer and in unsterile soil highest shoot length of 198.67mm was shown by the isolate ND1which is also a medium to high IAA producer. The highest IAA producer BA1(E)2 showed a low shoot length of 156.7mm (sterile soil) and 115mm (unsterile soil). The results in some way do establish that plant growth is not directly influenced by high IAA producers. Root growth seemed to be more affected by high IAA producers in unsterile soil and maximum vigour index of 32600 was exhibited by BA2(D)1 which is a medium IAA producer and the minimum of 15750 was by BA1(E)2 which is a high IAA producer. Hence IAA producers of the fluorescent Pseudomonas group showed significant plant growth when compared with control but plant growth was not greatly influenced by those organisms that produced high amounts of IAA. Antagonistic Pseudomonas spp. able to release moderate or even low amounts of IAA may be better growth promoters.

Keywords

Pseudomonas, Indole Acetic Acid, Shoot Length, Root Length, Plant Growth Promotion, Tryptophan, Vigour Index.

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• Screening and Identification of Potential Bacillus Spp. for the Management of Bacterial Wilt of Brinjal

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Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, S. Sriram ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 229-235

Abstract

Among 100 isolates of Bacillus spp. screened in vitro against Ralstonia solanacearum that causes bacterial wilt of brinjal, ten were found inhibitory to R. solanacearum. Bacillus megaterium isolate NBAII 63 was highly inhibitory with 29.20 mm of inhibition zone against R. solanacearum as compared to the other nine strains of Bacillus. Six of them were identified by 16S rDNA analysis. The bioefficacy of talc formulation of B. megaterium was evaluated under greenhouse for plant growth promotion and suppression of bacterial wilt in brinjal. The bacterial wilt was effectively managed by B. megaterium through different methods of applications. A combination of four methods (seed treatment + soil application + seedling ischolar_main dip + foliar spray) was the most effective. Maximum ischolar_main length (23.42 cm), shoot length (65.21 cm), fresh weight (40.39 g), dry weight (10.33 g) and highest wilt reduction (50.54%) was recorded in the combination method. Among single application methods, seed treatment was effective exhibiting 41% reduction of bacterial wilt followed by soil application which gave 36% wilt reduction. The bacterial wilt reduction in chemical control (streptomycin sulphate) was 71%. Good growth of the brinjal plants was recorded due to application of B. megaterium. Highest rhizosphere population of 67.0 × 10⁶ cfu/g was recorded in brinjal at 40 days after transplanting when the antagonist was applied by combining the different application methods.

Keywords

Bacillus Spp, Ralstonia solanacearum, Bioefficacy, Talc Formulation, Brinjal.

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• Chitinase Activity and Virulence of Different Isolates of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium Spp

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Authors

B. Ramanujam ¹, M. Balachander ¹, G. Roopa ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, Karmakar Pritam ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 223-228

Abstract

In order to identify promising isolates with higher chitinase activity, 122 entomofungal isolates comprising of Beauveria bassiana (58), Metarhizium anisopliae (33), Lecanicillium lecanii (15), Lecanicillium attenuatum (11), L. longisporum (3) and L. muscarium (2) isolated from different insect hosts/soils of India were studied. The partially purified proteins from the isolates were subjected to chitinase activity and were estimated by measuring the release of reducing saccharides (one NAGA Unit) from colloidal chitin spectrophotometrically at 582 nm (A₅₈₂). Forty nine isolates of B. bassiana showed chitinase activity ranging from 21 to 182 μg/ml, with the highest enzyme activity by the isolate PDBC-Bb-5a. Thirty three isolates of M. anisopliae exhibited chitinase activity ranging from 23 to 144 μg/ml and the highest (144 μg/ml) was by the isolate Ma-4. Among the 15 isolates of L. lecanii tested, three isolates viz., Vl-7, Vl-24a, Vl-25a had high chitinase activities ranging between 100 and 126μg/ml. Vl-22 isolate of L. attenuatum, Vl-24 of L. longisporum and Vl-8 of L. muscarium showed higher activities (90, 110 and 117μg/ml respectively). Bioassay studies with these isolates on cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora in glass house indicated higher nymphal mycosis ranging from 72.3-83.0%.

Keywords

Entomopathogenic Fungi, Chitinase Activity, NAGA Unit, Cowpea Aphid, Aphis craccivora, Virulence.

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• Additives in Powder Based formulation for Enhanced Shelf Life of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus sp.

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Authors

R. Rangeshwaran ¹, N. V. Vajid ¹, B. Ramanujam ¹, S. Sriram ¹, T. V. Bhaskaran ¹, Satendar Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 24, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 158-163

Abstract

Studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of adding nutrient additives to talc based formulations on the shelf life of bacteria stored under room temperature. Two organisms namely, Pseudomonas fluorescens (PDBCAB2) and Bacillus sp. (MTCC6534 - chickpea endophyte), a spore forming bacterium, were tested. A gradual increase in P. fluorescens population up to 90 days was observed in almost all the treatments that were amended with nutrients. At 90 days highest population of log 10.38 cfu g⁻¹ was noticed in talc amended with 2 per cent tryptone and glycerol. Decline in the population was observed from 90 days onwards and was rapid from 150 days onwards. At 240 days highest count of log 1 x 10^4.2 cfu g⁻¹ was obtained with formulations amended with 2% tryptone and 2% glycerol and the results indicated that 2% peptone or 2% tryptone supplemented with 2% glycerol helped P. fluorescens in its better survival. The spore forming Bacillus sp. survived well throughout the study period. At 240 days all talc formulations amended with nutrient sources showed a population of log 9.0 cfu g⁻¹ or above and the population declined to below log 7.0 cfu g⁻¹ only in non amended treatments. Slow decline started from 240 days but high cfu of log 9.30 to 9.38 g⁻¹ were noticed in yeast extract or tryptone treated treatments. Hence talc formulations that had yeast extract or tryptone supplemented with glycerol enhanced shelf life of Bacillus spp.

Keywords

Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus sp, Powder Based Formulation, Talc, Shelf Life, Gram Positive, Gram Negative.

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• Post Harvest Fruit Bioassay of Phylloplane, Pomoplane and Endophytic Microbes against Chilli Anthracnose Pathogen, Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) E. J. Butler&bisby

Abstract Views :246  |  PDF Views:141

Authors

B. Ramanujam ¹, Vinaya Hemannavar ¹, Honnur Basha ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, HA Farm post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 26, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 62-69

Abstract

Two hundred and fifty eight phylloplane/endophytic bacterial isolated from chilli leaves/fruits and one hundred pomoplane yeast isolates from vegetable/fruits were screened against Colletotrichum capsici by fruit bioassay (post harvest) method. Among the pomoplane bacterial isolates tested, Bacillus tequilensis (PMB-185) gave highest reduction (67.84%) of lesion development, where as among the phylloplane bacterial isolates, PHB-25 exhibited highest (48.65%) suppression of lesion caused by C. capsici. Among the endophytes tested, B. megaterium (ENB-86) produced the highest suppression of lesion (59.66%) and rhizospheric bacterium Pseudomonas putida (PBA-5) showed 50.68% suppression. Six bacteria exhibiting significant suppression (50.29 to 67.84%) were identified by 16s rDNA analysis and all of them belonged to Bacillus spp. including B. tequilensis (PMB-185), B. pumilus (PMB- 183), two B. subtilis (PMB-123 and ENB-24) and two B. megaterium (PMB-53 and ENB-86). Among the yeast isolates tested, the maximum reduction (72.16%) of lesion development was observed with the yeast isolate, Hanseniaspora uvarum (Y-73) which was the highest among all the antagonists tested. The results indicated that spraying of H. uvarum (Y-73) or B. tequilensis (PMB-185) on freshly harvested chilli fruits reduced post harvest fruit damage by C. capsici in chilli.

Keywords

Chilli Anthracnose, Colletotrichum capsici, Fruit Bioassay, Pichia guilliermondii and Bacillus Species.

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References

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• Evaluation of Diacetylphloroglucinol Producing Pseudomonads for Their Biocontrol Potential Against Ralstonia Wilt in Brinjal

Abstract Views :255  |  PDF Views:126

Authors

N. Arulmani ¹, S. Sriram ², R. Rangeshwaran ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, P.B. No. 2941, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, IN
2 Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore 560 089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 105–109

Abstract

Diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) producing isolates of pseudomonads were screened against bacterial wilt in brinjal caused by Ralstonia solanacearum under greenhouse conditions. Thirty Pseudomonas isolates were obtained from the culture collection of NBAII, Bangalore that include seven isolates of Pseudomonas putida (CK8C, CK24E, Pf4K, RPF9, RPF13, OTN5E2, GR1ARS1), one P. mosselli (CK24C) isolate, three isolates of P. fluorescens (GR3ARS3, Pf-DWD, CHAO), three isolates of P. plecoglossicida (BA11D1, BA16-2, BA3-D1) and sixteen isolates of P. aeruginosa (CK13C, CK19E, AFP3, AFP4, AFP6, RFP7, OTN8, AFP9, AFP8, PDB8, PDB1, AFP7, AFP5, AFP13, ND4-IARIB, RPF8). Bacterial wilt susceptible brinjal variety MEBH- 9 was used in the screening. The brinjal seedlings were dipped in Pseudomonas suspension for five minutes before transplantation and plants were observed for wilt symptoms like stunted growth, drooping of leaves, loss of rigidity and eventually death of the plant. Four weeks later, the plants were upischolar_mained and length and weight of both ischolar_mains and shoots were recorded. The highest percentage of wilt disease reduction was observed in seedlings treated with P. plecoglossicida BA11D1 (95.8%), P. putida CK24E (62.5%) and P. plecoglossicida BA3D1 (41.7%). Average shoot length, ischolar_main length and shoot weight, ischolar_main weight were comparatively lesser in most of the pseudomonads treated plants than the control plants.

Keywords

Ralstonia solanacearum, Bacterial Wilt, Plant Growth Promotion, Pseudomonads, Diacetylphloroglucinol.

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References

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• Induced Defense Response in Brinjal Plants By Bacillus megaterium NBAII 63 Against Bacterial Wilt Pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum

Abstract Views :355  |  PDF Views:119

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, Mahesh S. Yandigeri ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 217–220

Abstract

Bacillus megaterium strain NBAII 63 was identified as a potential bacterial antagonist against brinjal bacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum. It was tested for its ability to induce defense related enzymes viz., peroxidase (PO), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and total phenols against R. solanacearum in brinjal plants. Brinjal plants treated with B. megaterium challenge inoculated with R. solanacearum showed higher levels of defense related enzymes and phenols compared to antagonist alone, pathogen alone and untreated plants. B. megaterium strain NBAII 63 showed the higher activities of total phenols (173 μg g-1 of tissue compared to control 121), PO (2.75 change in OD min-1g-1 of tissue compared to control 0.75) and PPO activity (0.91 change in OD min-1g-1 compared to control 0.13) in brinjal plants treated with R. solanacearum. The present study clearly indicated that B. megaterium strain NBAII 63 has the ability to induce the defense related enzymes in the brinjal plants against R. solanacearum.

Keywords

Induced Defense, Brinjal, Bacillus megaterium, Bacterial Wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum.

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References

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• Bioefficacy of Peat Formulation of Bacterial Antagonists on Growth Promotion and Disease Suppression in Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)

Abstract Views :262  |  PDF Views:129

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, A. Joseph Rajkumar ², R. Rangeshwaran ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, HA Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Cardamom Research Station, Pampadumpara 685 566, Idukki, Kerala, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 26, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 255–259

Abstract

Among the 90 rhizobacterial isolates screened against capsule rot pathogen of cardamom Phytophthora meadii Mc Rae two bacterial strains viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf 51 and Bacillus subtilis Bs were found highly inhibitory. Strain Pf 51 exhibited highest inhibition (40.2%) against P. meadii. Similarly B.subtilis strain Bs also exhibited highest inhibition (39.7%) against P. meadii. P. fluorescens strain Pf51 was found compatible with strain B. subtilis Bs. Application of antagonists both Pf 51 and Bs in combination with rhizome bacterization and soil application resulted in 60% reduction of capsule infection over control as compared to single methods such as rhizome bacterization (53%) and soil application (46%). Application of copper oxy chloride resulted in 73% reduction of capsule infection. Maximum height (169.7cm) and number of tillers (36.3) were recorded due to the application of mixture of both the strains through rhizome bacterization and soil application.

Keywords

Cardamom, Capsule Rot, Bacterial Antagonists, Peat Formulation.

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References

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• Screening and in Vitro Evaluation of Native Pseudomonas Spp., against Nematode Pathogens and Soil Borne Fungal Pathogens

Abstract Views :273  |  PDF Views:150

Authors

Rajkumar ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ², G. Sivakumar ², M. Nagesh ²

Affiliations
1 Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasargod 671 124, Kerala, IN
2 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (NBAII), Bangalore 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 305–311

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of native Pseudomonas spp., against ischolar_main-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and other soil borne fungal pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici and Sclerotium rolfsii. The eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita were exposed to each isolates of Pseudomonas spp., by diluting the standard culture filtrate to fifty percent and to undiluted culture filtrate (100%). Four isolates of Pseudomonas spp. (CRS3, CRS6, and CRS8 and CRS10) significantly induced inhibition of egg hatching and mortality of M. incognita juveniles. The per cent mortality was proportional to the concentration of culture filtrate and the duration of exposure period. The highest percentage of inhibition of egg hatching was recorded for CRS3 while mortality of second stage juveniles was found in the case of CRS10 in undiluted culture filtrate. The CRS6 caused 48% inhibition of Sclerotium rolfsii while CRS8 caused 58% inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Since meloidogyne infection can predispose plants to plant pathogens, these isolates show promise for management of nematode and disease complex of vegetable crops.

Keywords

Culture Filtrate, Egg Hatching, Meloidogyne Incognita, Pseudomonas Spp., Root-knot Nematode and Soil Borne Fungi.

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• Characterization of Abiotic Stress Tolerant Pseudomonas Spp. Occurring in Indian Soils

Abstract Views :372  |  PDF Views:125

Authors

K. Ashwitha ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, N. V. Vajid ², G. Sivakumar ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, K. Rajalaksmi ³, H. Manjunath ⁴

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Biology, University of Hail, Jeddah, SA
3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580 005, Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Plant Pathology, GKVK, UAS Bangalore 560 065, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 319–328

Abstract

Abiotic stress tolerance of 230 Pseudomonas spp. Occurring in Indian soils was evaluated for tolerance to temperature, salinity and moisture stresses. Forty seven Pseudomonas spp. Were characterized as abiotic stress tolerant and were identified as P. aeruginosa (24), P. putida (14), P. plecoglossicida (4), P. mosselli (1), Pseudomonas sp. (1) and P. fluorescens (3). The temperature and salinity tolerance of these bacteria was 45°C and 1 M NaCl respectively. Most isolates (44 out of 47) produced indole acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity and 37 of them showed phosphatase activity. 2, 4-diacetyl phloroglucinol (DAPG) gene was detected in 10 isolates and pyoluteorin gene was detected in 4 isolates. Under water stress, seed treatment with P. putida (NBAII-RPF9) and P. fluorescens (PFDWD) showed its potential as plant growth promoter. The studies also indicated that stress tolerant Pseudomonas spp. may be used as plant protection agents in abiotically stressed soils.

Keywords

Pseudomonas, Abiotic Stress, Tolerance, DAPG, Pyoluteorin.

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References

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• Identification of Endophytic Bacteria in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and their Effect on Plant Growth

Abstract Views :282  |  PDF Views:136

Authors

R. Rangeshwaran ¹, J. Raj ², Sreerama Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore - 560065, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 1 (2008), Pagination: 13-23

Abstract

Five endophytic bacteria were isolated from healthy chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants by surface-disinfestation method and identified based on morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. Erwinia herbicola and Enterobacter agglomerans, which had nitrate-solubilizing ability, were isolated from the ischolar_main endosphere and Bacillus megaterium, B. circulans and one unidentified species of Bacillus were isolated from the leaf and stem tissues. None of the isolates had phosphate-solubilizing ability. All the isolates tolerated a wide range of pH and exhibited growth from pH 5 to 9. B. circulans and E. agglomerans tolerated an alkaline pH of 11, which is unusual. Higher growth promotion was noticed in chickpea plants treated with B. megaterium, E. agglomerans and Bacillus sp. and the plants treated with endophytes survived well in the presence of the wilt pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani. Seedlings from seeds treated with bacteria showed an increase in phenol content up to sixth day after Inoculation. The maximum phenol content (483.33μg g⁻¹) was noticed in B. megaterium treated and the lowest (246.67μg g⁻¹) was in control. Endophytic bacteria from healthy plant tissue could play a useful role In plant protection.

Keywords

Chickpea, Endophytic Bacteria, Growth Promotion, Identification.

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• Resistance and Susceptibility Pattern of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) Endophytic Bacteria to Antibiotics

Abstract Views :195  |  PDF Views:135

Authors

R. Rangeshwaran ¹, J. Raj ², P. Sreerama Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Biological Control (ICAR), H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 2 (2008), Pagination: 393-403

Abstract

Five chickpea (Cicer arietinum) endophytic bacteria, identified as Erwinia herbicola, Enterobacter agglomeraus. Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus sp. and Bacillus circulans were tested for intrinsic antibiotic resistance in order to see if endophytes showed variation in resistance to antibiotics. The resistance pattern was compared with two rhizospheric bacteria viz. Psendomonas fluoresceus and B. subtilis in order to see if the susceptibility of endophytes differed with that of bacteria isolated from rhizosphere. The endophytes seemed to be less resistant to antibiotics. B. circulaus was susceptible to all antibiotics tested except amoxycillin (10μg). However B. megaterium and Bacillus sp, and E. agglomeraus showed some resistance, P. fluorescens and B. subtilis showed resistance to a wide range of antibiotics indicating that they could be better competitors in the rhizosphere. Preliminary screening was done to monitor B. megaterium and Bacillus sp. by using the observed antibiotic resistance. Out of the 25 ischolar_main/stem/leaf tissues tested, 10 tested positive for the presence of B. megaterium and 11 for Bacillus sp. However, they coutd not be reisolated from the stem tissue, 3 and 2 of the leaf samples showed presence of B. megaterium and Bacillus sp., respectively.

Keywords

Antibiotics, Endophytic Bacteria, Resistance Pattern.

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• Isolation of Endophytic Bacteria for Biological Control of Wilt Pathogens

Abstract Views :281  |  PDF Views:161

Authors

R. Rangeshwaran ¹, A. R. Wasnikar ², R. D. Prasad ¹, N. Anjula ¹, C. R. Sunanda ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur 482 004, M. P., IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 16, No 2 (2002), Pagination: 125-134

Abstract

Twentyfive endophytic bacteria were isolated from internal tissues of ischolar_main and stem portions of chickpea, sunflower, niger, chilli and capsicum plants. The endophytes were screened in dual culture on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Tryptic Soya Agar (TSA) against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Fusarium udum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. Ten isolates exhibited inhibition of the pathogens. Maximum percent inhibition (37.93) of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri was obtained on PDA with B. subtilis (PDBCEN 3). On TSA percent inhibition was maximum (52.21) with isolate PDBCEN-7. Testing against F. udum in dual culture test revealed that Pseudomonas sp. (PDBCEN 8) showed maximum (40.45%) inhibition on PDA. Pseudomonas sp. (PDBCEN-2) was highly effective on TSA and showed maximum (56.9%) inhibition zone. Against R. solani, maximum inhibition (44.96%) was recorded with endophyte PDBCEN 7. On TSA all the ten endophytic bacteria were effective in restricting the growth of test fungus. Percent inhibition of S. rolfsii was maximum (40.93%) with Pseudomonas sp. (PDBCEN 6) on PDA. On TSA percent inhibition was maximum (46.73%) with P. fluorescens (PDBCEN 1). The endophytic isolates were able to promote better growth of chickpea but the vigour index varied between the isolates. We could not correlate high pathogen inhibition under in vitro with high vigour index.

Keywords

Biological Control, Endophytic Bacteria, Wilt Pathogens.

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• Bioefficacy and Shelf Life of Conidial and Chlamydospore Formulations of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai

Abstract Views :303  |  PDF Views:278

Authors

R. D. Prasad ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, C. P. Anuroop ¹, P. R. Phanikumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 16, No 2 (2002), Pagination: 145-148

Abstract

The conidia and chlamydospores of Trichoderma harzianum produced by solid state and liquid fermentation, respectively, were formulated as powder and tested for their comparative bioefficacy and shelf life. Both the propagules did not differ significantly in reducing ischolar_main rot incidence in chickpea caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Conidial formulation retained optimum amount of viable propagules (>10⁶ cfu/g) even after 180 days of storage at room temperature but in chlamydospore formulation, viable propagules reduced to less than 10⁶ by 150 days.

Keywords

Bioefficacy, Chlamydospores, Conidia, Formulation, Shelf Life, Trichoderma harzianum.

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• A Rapid in vivo Bioassay Method for Testing and Selection of Fungal Antagonists of Plant Pathogens

Abstract Views :222  |  PDF Views:120

Authors

R. K. Srivastava ¹, R. D. Prasad ², R. Rangeshwaran ², A. R. Wasnikar ³, S. P. Singh ², N. S. Rao ²

Affiliations
1 Crop Research Station, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Bahraich 271 801, U. P., IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Plant Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur 482 004, M. P., IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 16, No 2 (2002), Pagination: 173-176

Abstract

Eight Trichoderma isolates were tested for their bioefficacy against seed, ischolar_main and seedling rot incited by Rhizoctonia solani by adopting an in vivo test method (blotter test). Vigor index ranging from 169.5 to 2239.4 and disease incidence ranging between 10 to 86 percent were recorded in various treatments. All bioagents were graded based on disease grading key proposed for their rating. The clear differentiation of efficacy of various Trichoderma species against R. solani obtained with the in vivo bioefficacy test method adopted (blotter test) in the present study shows suitability of this method for routine screening of fungal biocontrol agents against seed and soil borne plant pathogens.

Keywords

Fungal Antagonists, in vivo Bioassay, Plant Pathogens.

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• Field Evaluation of Two Bacterial Antagonists, Pseudomonas putida (PDBCAB 19) and P. fluorescens (PDBCAB 2) against Wilt and Root-Rot of Chickpea

Abstract Views :180  |  PDF Views:138

Authors

R. Rangeshwaran ¹, R. D. Prasad ¹, C. P. Anuroop ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (lCAR) Post Bag No.2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 2 (2001), Pagination: 165-170

Abstract

Talc based formulations of two antagonistic bacteria viz., Pseudomonas putida (PDBCAB 19) and P. fluorescens (PDBCAB 2) were evaluated against natural incidences of wilt and wet ischolar_main-rot of chickpea. Observations on rhizoclonia ischolar_main-rot incidence indicated that the disease was prevalent up to 60 days of plant growth whereas fusarial wilt was observed from 60 days. At 30th day. highest ischolar_main-rot incidence (10.8%) was observed in pathogen control plots and minimum was in fungicide treated plots (3.1 %). P. fluorescens (PDBCAB 2) treated plots also exhibited low ischolar_main-rot (4.4%). However, at day 60 lowest ischolar_main-rot incidence (5%) was recorded in P. fluorescens (PDBCAB 2) treated plots and highest ischolar_main-rot incidence (13.9%) was observed in pathogen control. Low ischolar_main-rot incidence (5.8%) was also noticed in P. putida (PDBCAB 19) treated plots. Fusarium wilt was lowest (3.3%) in P. putida (PDBCAB 19) treated and highest (13.3 %) in control plots at day 90. Combination of both P. fluorescens (PDBCAB 2) and P. putida (PDBCAB 19) exhibited suppression of ischolar_main-rot and wilt incidences by 5.8 and 7.5 per cent, respectively. Highest plant stand and seed yield was observed in P. fluorescens (PDBCAB 2) treated plots. There were no significant differences in the shoot and ischolar_main lengths among bioagent treatments, however, vigour index was highest in plots treated with a combination of P. fluorescens (PDBCAB 2) and P. putida (PDBCAB 19).

Keywords

Antagonistic Bacteria, Chickpea, Root-Rot, Wilt.

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• Isolation and Evaluation of Rhizospheric Bacteria for Biological Control of Chickpea Wilt Pathogens

Abstract Views :209  |  PDF Views:122

Authors

R. Rangeshwaran ¹, R. D. Prasad ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 14, No 1 (2000), Pagination: 9-15

Abstract

Three hundred rhizospheric isolates of bacteria collected from different regions of Karnataka were screened for in vitro antagonism in dual culture on Tryptic Soya Agar (TSA) against five fungal pathogens viz., Botrytis cinerea, Macrophomina phaseolina, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Four isolates selected as potential antagonists were identified as Pseudomonas putida (PDBCAB 19), P. fluorescens (PDBCAB 2), P. fluorescens (PDBCAB 29) and P. fluorescens (PD BCAB 30) and their ischolar_main colonizing ability was tested. The total rhizosphere population was the highest (log cfu 6.4) for P.fluorescens (PDBCAB 29) after four days of germination. The rhizosphere population stabilized (log cfu 4.0 to 5.0) after eight days of germination. Three pathogens namely F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (wilt pathogen),R. solani and M.phaseolina (ischolar_main rot pathogens) were targeted by the four selected antagonists under greenhouse conditions. The maximum plant stand (100%) was observed with P.jluorescens (PDBCAB 29 and 30) treated pots for R. solani and M. phaseolina. P. putida (PDBCAB 19) and P. fluorescens (PDBCAB 30) were able to fully control F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. All the four antagonists promoted growth of chickpea. P. fluorescens isolates (PDBCAB 29 and 30) produced the maximum growth. Survival of P. fluorescens (PDBCAB 29) in a talc based formulation was monitored over a period of 90 days at room temperature.

Keywords

Antagonism, Chickpea, Plant Growth Promotion, Rhizospheric Bacteria, Survival Talc, Wilt.

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• Biological Control of Meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and White 1919) Chitwood 1949 on Tomato by Verticillium chlamydosporium Goddard Cultured on Different Substrates

Abstract Views :205  | 

Authors

C. Sankaranarayanan ¹, S. S. Hussaini ¹, P. SreeramaFumar ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control Post Box No. 249 I, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 14, No 1 (2000), Pagination: 39-43

Abstract

The efficacy of Verticillium chlamydosporium Goddard cultured on different substrates such as sorghum grain, rice grain, broken wheat, maize grain and wheat bran, was tested against meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White 1919) Chitwood 1949 with tomato cv. Pusa Ruby under potted condition. All the substrates favoured the multiplication of V. chlamydosporium and enabled the fungus to suppress the galls, egg masses and nematode population. The degree of suppression of nematode by V. chlamydosporium varied with the substrates used and the per cent parasitization of egg masses and eggs of M. incognita ranged between 39 to 70 and 51 to 89, respectively. Verticillium chlamydosporium cultured on sorghum grain applied @10glplant as well as Sglplant was found to be superior to other substrates in terms of parasitization of egg masses (70 and 89.3 %) and eggs (63 and 69 %), respectively. A significant increase in growth of tomato plants was observed with V. chlamydosporium treated plants.

Keywords

Biological Control, Meloidogyne incognita, Tomato, Verticillium chlamydosporium.

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• Metarhizium majus and Metarhizium robertsii Show Enhanced Activity against the Coleopteran Pests Holotricha serrata and Oryctes rhinoceros

Abstract Views :283  |  PDF Views:140

Authors

V. Velavan ¹, G. Sivakumar ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, R. Sundararaj ², T. O. Sasidharan ³

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insects Resources, Bangalore – 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore – 560 003, Karnataka, IN
3 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore – 560064, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 135-145

Abstract

Studies were conducted to systematically isolate Metarhizium isolates from the insect cadavers and soils of South India. Morphological and PCR amplified sequences of 5.8S ITS regions and RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) gene regions were used to identify the isolates at species level. Eight Metarhizium isolates were isolated and initially identified by morphological and microscopic studies. Further identification was confirmed through 5.8SrRNA ITS and RPB1 analysis. They were identified as three isolates of M. robertsii J.F. Bisch., Rehner & Humber sp. nov. (ArMz3R, ArMz3S and ArMz6W), one isolate of M. majus (J.R. Johnst.) J.F. Bisch., Rehner & Humber (VjMz1W) and four isolates of M. anisopliae (WnMz1S, NlMz2S, BgMz2S and DhMz4R). Topical conidial suspensions (TCS) and powder based formulations (PBF) of the eight indigenous isolates of Metarhizium spp. that were isolated from insect cadavers and soils of South India were tested against coleopteran pests Holotricha serrata L. and Oryctes rhinoceros L. that cause serious damage to sugarcane and palm trees respectively. Against H. serrata TCS of M. robertsii (ArMz6W) was the most effective with an LC₅₀ of 6.893×10⁵ cfu/ml and caused 100% mortality against the 3^rd instar larvae in 5 days; PBF elicited an LC₅₀ of 7.502×10⁵ cfu/ml with 96% mortality in 10 days. Against O. rhinoceros TCS (LC₅₀ of 9.75×10⁵ cfu/ml) of M. majus (VjMz1W) caused 90% mortality in 7 days and the PBF (LC₅₀ of 9.57×10⁵ cfu/ml) caused 86% mortality in 14 days. The results establish that M. robertsii is highly effective against H. serrata and against O. rhinoceros, M. majus was the most effective. The TCS formulations of these two strains can be readily deployed for field applications.

Keywords

Holotricha serrata, Metarhizium spp., Oryctes rhinoceros, Powder Based Formulation (PBF), Topical Conidial Suspension (TCS).

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• Diversity of cry Genes Occurring in the North East

Abstract Views :280  |  PDF Views:120

Authors

R. Rangeshwaran ¹, V. Velavan ², Satendra Kumar ², V. Apoorva ², K. M. Venugopala ², A. N. Shylesha ², G. Sivakumar ²

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bengaluru – 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogaimalai Rd, Podavur, Thiruchirapalli – 620102, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 33, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 242-252

Abstract

The search for new Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains is a continuous process and researchers are now focusing on finding toxin proteins that are toxic to pests of insect orders that are not reported. In the present study soil and insect cadaver samples were collected from North East India comprising the states of Assam, Tripura and Mehhalaya and native Bt were isolated using standard protocols. At total of 30 Bt isolates were purified and characterized. Various types of crystal morphology were encountered that included bipyramidal, cuboidal, square, rhomboid, spherical and irregular. PCR analysis showed that diverse cry genes were expressed. The cry genes identified were Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera specific. Detected genes included cry1Ac, cry2A, cry4A, cry10A, cry16A, cry17A, cry19A, cry30Aa, cry44Aa, cry11A, cry4B, cry12A, cry8A and cry7A. Many of them were positive for Vip3A protein. The coleopteran specific Bt were evaluated against Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus chinensis and NBAIR-AgBt6 was found to be toxic. The isolates are being further evaluated for use as biopesticides.

Keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis, Bioassay, Cry Genes, Diversity, North East.

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• Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infecting Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in India

Abstract Views :233  |  PDF Views:80

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, M. Kannan ², S. Ramesh Babu ³, M. Mohan ¹, M. Sampath Kumar ¹, P. Raveendran ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, Chandish R. Ballal ¹, P. Ram Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Plant Protection, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Agricultural Research Station, Borwat Farm, MPUAT, Banswara 327 001, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 119, No 5 (2020), Pagination: 860-864

Abstract

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive insect pest of maize in India. Natural occurrence of nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) infection on S. frugiperda larvae was recorded in 2018 during surveys conducted in maize fields in Chikkaballapura district of Karnataka, and Coimbatore and Tirupattur districts of Tamil Nadu. A strain of S. frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpfrNPV NBAIR1) infecting S. frugiperda was isolated from the diseased larvae; morphological and biological characteristics were studied. Electron microscopic studies showed tetrahedral-shaped SpfrNPV occlusion bodies (OBs) of size 1.64 μm. Dose–mortality bioassays revealed that first, second and third instar larvae were equally susceptible (LC₅₀ 3.71–5.02 OBs/mm²) to SpfrNPV infection. A PCR technique for detection of viral DNA in S. frugiperda NPV was developed by employing the polyhedrin gene (polh)-specific primers. The amplicon of 618 bp was amplified, sequenced and NCBI GenBank accession number was obtained (MT422725). Blast analysis revealed that SpfrNPV conserved polh gene sequence matched 100% with the reference GenBank sequence (J04333) from the NCBI database which confirmed the identity of the SpfrNPV.

Keywords

Insect Pests, Maize, Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Spodoptera frugiperda.

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• Natural Occurrence of Entomopathogens on the Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (j.e. Smith) in South India

Abstract Views :240  |  PDF Views:79

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, M. Mohan ¹, M. Kannan ², K. Elango ³, P. Ram Kumar ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, Mahesh S. Yandigeri ¹, O. Dhanyakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kodaikanal 624 103, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 4 (2021), Pagination: 619-621

Abstract

No Abstract.

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• Effect of insecticides on predatory assassin bug, Sycanus collaris (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) .

Abstract Views :161  |  PDF Views:94

Authors

V. SRIRAKSHA ¹, A. N. SHYLESHA ², B. SHIVANNA ¹, R. RANGESHWARAN ³, H. A. PRAMEELA ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore – 560065, Karnataka, India ., IN
2 Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, ICAR National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore – 560024, Karnataka, India ., IN
3 Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore – 560024, Karnataka, India ., IN
4 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore – 560065, Karnataka, India ., IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 35, No 4 (2021), Pagination: 272 - 276

Abstract

T:Six insecticides were evaluated for their toxicity against nymphs and adults of assassin bug, Sycanus collaris (Fab.) through contact and stomach mode. The studies revealed that emamectin benzoate (0.4g/L), chlorantraniliprole (0.25ml/L), flubendiamide (0.25 ml/L) and thiamethoxam (0.25 g/L) were considered as relatively safer insecticides for all the nymphal instars and adults of S. collaris. Fenazaquin (1.25ml/L) and quinalphos (2ml/L) caused higher mortality (85-100%) in all the stages of S. collaris. The higher mortality observed in nymphs and relatively lesser mortality rate of adults indicate that the application of the chemical should not be carried out immediately after the release of nymphal instars of S. collaris and adult releases would be ideal in Integrated Pest Management (IPM).

Keywords

Biological control, insecticides, mortality, Sycanus collaris .

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• Biocontrol Potential and Molecular Characterization of Lipopeptides Producing Bacillus Subtilis Against Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

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Authors

S. RUQIYA ¹, H. C. GIRISHA ¹, C. MANJUNATHA ², R. RANGESHWARAN ², A. KANDAN ², G. SIVAKUMAR ², M. K. PRASANNA KUMAR ³, D. PRAMESH ⁴, K. T. SHIVAKUMARA ², H. S. VENU ², S. NANDITHA ², K. S. ANKITHA ¹, K. ADITYA ², N. AARTHI ², S. N. SUSHIL ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru – 560 065, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru – 560024, Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Plant Pathology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru – 560065, Karnataka, IN
4 Rice Pathology Laboratory ARS, Gangavathi, UAS Raichur – 584104, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 36, No 4 (2022), Pagination: 215-221

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis  is  a Gram-positive and endospore producing bacterium. Limited studies have shown that lipopeptides produced by  B. subtilis  can be inhibitory to phytopathogens.   Sclerotinia sclerotiorum  is a plant pathogenic fungus  which causes  various diseases like cotton rot, watery soft rot, stem rot, crown rot and blossom blight in vegetable crops. The objective of the study was to isolate lipopeptides from  B. subtilis  and study their inhibitory potential against  S. sclerotiorum. So, the B. subtilis  isolates  were extracted from the collected soils of Western Ghats of India. They were initially characterized through morphological parameters followed by PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA gene and confirmation through BLAST algorithm in NCBI database. The lipopeptides produced by these isolates were tested against  S. sclerotiorum. B. subtilis  strains were effective against  S. sclerotiorum and exhibited 18.33 to 29.5 % inhibition under dual culture bio-assay. The antagonistic activity of lipopeptides extracted from  B. subtilis  strains showed 21.56 to 88.89 % inhibition of  S. sclerotiorum  in the lowest to highest concentration of lipopeptide tested and was found to be significantly higher than the control. The present study has shown that  B. subtilis  strains vary in the production of lipopeptides and some of them could produce lipopeptides that are highly inhibitory to S. sclerotiorum. B. subtilis  strain NBAIR BSWG1 showed the highest inhibition for S. sclerotiorum. Lipopeptide based poison food technique and the dual culture bioassay results showed that B. subtilis  strain NBAIR BSWG1 has immense potential for use in the biological control of  S. sclerotiorum. Further studies are being carried out in formulating the lipopeptides for field application.

Keywords

Antimicrobial property, biopesticide, PCR, soft rot of vegetable, Western Ghats.

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